Managerial Economics Week 6 Individual Work 1 Assignment

Managerial Economics Week 6 Individual Work 1 - Assignment Example However, the decision may be affecting passengers and the public. The policy of increasing charges luggage fees can increase revenues for airlines. U.S. airlines collected more than a billion dollars in baggage fees for overweight bags, or extra bags in 2008. The revenue was an increase of 148 percent from the previous year. From a managerial perspective, the decision by U.S airways to charge $25 luggage fees for first checked bags was the best decision for the airline. Fluctuating oil prices are a major constraint and limiting resources that affect decisions of most managers. Given the high operation costs for maintaining an airline firm in the market decision such as developing luggage fees may become beneficial to the airline. Managers in US airline decided to charge luggage fees as one of the best alternative to solve the problem of increased costs of oil and operational costs for the air travel. Airlines are companies meaning they need to make decisions that boost their revenues. Increases in revenues enable airlines to remain competitive in the industry. The increase in oil prices is an evident phenomenon all over the world. The world economy is also unstable. Volatility in oil prices and world economic downturn are some of the biggest challenges the airline industry has to face today. Increased o il prices and security costs are major reasons explaining operational losses for many passenger airline companies. It is because of such costs that airline companies such as US airway decide to implement revenue generating fees for services that traditionally were part of the air ticket prices. The fact that charging luggage fees in enraging passengers a lot raises many questions, for example, should the U.S. airway and other airline firms continue charging luggage fees or should they include the fees in the ticket price? While most passengers accepted

Interoffice memorandum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interoffice memorandum - Assignment Example Mr. Forest emphasized that the clients served from the Roanoke branch are vital to the overall success of Phoenix Advertising. In this regard, may I request the following team members to give me relevant information to address these issues: Executive Team Member Information Needed Mr. Frank Rodgers Profile of Personnel Resigning and Reasons Branch Manager, Human Resources What have been done to replace them? Roanoke, Virginia The number of creative talents in the Branch Compensation and Benefits Package Ms. Emily Smith Number of New and Current Accounts Manager, Advertising Projected Revenues and Time Frame Roanoke, Virginia for Completion Mr. Benjamin White Financial Statements of Phoenix Advertising Manager, Finance Compensation and Benefits Package The abovementioned team members are requested to forward the information needed tomorrow afternoon to me through a detailed report with clear alternative courses of action and proposed recommendations to address the identified dilemma.

Service Recovery In The Hotel Industry

Service Recovery In The Hotel Industry Abstract Aiming at the actuality that the article about service recovery in the hotel industry. Handling complaints, resolving problems, retain the customers and to avoid undesirable outcomes such as negative thinks of the customers for the services. Fortunately significant progress has been made in the hotel industry to service recovery in the last few years. This article based on the literature view, environment and marketing mix strategies to identify what changes has been made in the recent year of hotel industry to achieved maximum customer satisfaction level. We adopt marketing mix 7Ps in the service recovery and analysis what changes has been made in to minimize the service failure in the hotel industry. The confirmatory result shows that the scale service processes to better reliability and validity level, and the basic need of the customer services recovery expectation includes recovery attributes, service failure attributes and empowering employees for problem solution in the hotel industry. Introduction Hotel industry one of the fastest growing industry in the current scenario .The demand of hotel industry has been increase in recent time and now days tourists want highly specialized as well as customized services from hotel industry. In addition, competition in the field of hotel industry and tourism has always been extremely on top and it is always difficult for newcomers to adopt the new trends and demand their own market share. Therefore, Hotel industry professionals need to focus on offering better quality services at affordable prices for the customers. The main goal of the industry is to obtain customer satisfaction in terms of services and money and maintain stable relationship with customers in long term basis. Services recovery is the action that the services provider should adopt for the services failure (Gronroos,1988,p.10-13) Researches indicated that the service recovery could enhance customers perceptive value, satisfactory feeling, loyalty and credit, and the satisfactory service recovery is propitious to reduce customers conversion intention and fluidity (Bitner, 1990, Lewis, 2004, Cong, 2007). McColloughs service recovery paradox even pointed out that customers satisfaction after service recovery would exceed customers satisfaction without service failure, which more showed the importance of service recovery (Boshoff, 1999, P.236-249) However, Satisfying a customers is a very difficult job for any industry especially when it comes to services industry. Earlier studies have shown that consumers level of satisfaction is generally lower for the services than product (Andreasen Best,1977). When it comes for hotel industry, where customer want high level of services and personal interaction with many departments and services failure is sometimes difficult to avoid by the industry. Services recovery is a important marketing tool which provide a another chance for the hotel industry to satisfy the consumers demands. The outcomes of services recovery will strongly influence the customers opinion of the hotel industry. This essay focuses to identify and evaluate previous services recovery process with the current process in the hotel industry. It is also show that services recovery in the hotel industry has influence on the tourism and the images of a location. Furthermore, essay will show how the services recovery experience affects consumers behavior for hotel industry. Literature Review Services recovery The necessity for the service recovery is brought about by services failure. Services failure is define as those situations when the services fails to live up to the customers expectations (Michel,2001) or according to Maxham (2001), any services-related mishaps or problems (real and/or perceived) that occur during a consumers experience of the firm. Services recovery has all those actions which is taken by the a services provider in order to resolve the all problem that caused the services failure in the industry( Gronroos,1990) Agenda is not only to resolve the problems but try to find out the source of the problem. A good recovery will reduce customers negative aspect for the industry and increase the services quality level to meet customers expectation. However as Smith et al. (1999) state, service recovery includes situations in which a service failure occurs but no complaint is lodged by the customers (p. 359), it means services recovery also includes that situations where some time customer not able to expressed a complaint or discomfort but the services provider has to indentify or recognized the failure in their services and take initiated a recovery procedure. In addition, studies show very few unhappy or dissatisfied customers actually complain about the services. So its very important for the services recovery system to indentify the fault with in the process and rectified on time to betterment for hotel industry. However service recoverys major importance is increase customer satisfactions and makes long term relation with the customers. Customers satisfaction with the service recovery will directly affect on the customer intentions toward the industry and they will might be think about to repurchase and recommend the service provider for other customers. This is very important for the service industry in term of increase own and industry marker share. Justice Theory in service recovery Justice theory is majorly used in services recovery studies to help analyze customers perceive the entire recovery process. With the help of it we can identified which elements affect the customers image of the locations. In the terms of services industry, inputs can be defined as the costs (economic, time energy cost etc.) that is service failure in the industry and outcomes after process will services recovery tactics (e.g. cash refunds ,apology, replacement etc.) In addition customer will determine whether a recovery attempts was fair or not in terms of services recovery or they will satisfied with the changes has been done by the recovery system. There are three dimensions are :- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Distributive justice (focusing on the outcome of the recovery process) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Procedural justice (examining the process undertaken in order to arrive at the final outcome) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Interactional justice (referring to the manner in which the process is implemented and the customer is treated) (Hoffman et al., 2000; Tax, Brown Chandrashekaran, 1998) Image of the destination Image of the destinations is very important aspect in hotel industry and here we have to linkup between customers satisfactions with the services recovery and the image of the destinations. It is very new aspect in the services recovery process. In the current scenario destinations image is very important to increase the profit margin of the industry. For example any destinations where consumers get satisfied with the hotel services and all then defiantly he will going to share his experience about particular destinations and talk about the hotel services . That will generate more demand and more people get attracted to visit those locations. Lots studies measures that there is difference between the pre- trip and post -trip image of the destination. Some time its positive and some time negative. Post trip behavior Post trip behavior is important component of service recovery process. Its very useful for continues improvement in the services. Most of the services and especially hotel industry use that tool very effetely for example customer feedback form after service offered ,and always ready to take customer suggestion and opinion about their services. Its also important to retain the customers for the next time because find a new customer is very difficult and crucial task in hotel industry rather than continue with the same customers .If customers will be satisfied with the services then it might be possible they can bring few more customer for them. That is mouth publicity which is very useful and effective in marketing without investing money. Macro Environment Macro environment include the following element are Technological, Political, Economical, Social-Culture. It is also called PEST. For more precision the term PESTET is also used. Find here the PEST framework for the environment auditing in terms of the service recovery. What influence it has on the service recovery in hotel industry to achieved customer satisfaction. Hotel industry has to be consider all the factor before going to make any service recovery process. POLITICAL/LEGAL FACTORS: Legislative Structure Government and political stability Taxation Policies Pressure groups Monopolistic restrictions Political orientations Trade Union Power Environmental protection legislation Foreign trade legislations Employment legislation ECONOMIC FACTORS: Business Cycles Money Supply Inflation Rates Investment levels Unemployment Energy Costs GNP trends Patterns of ownership SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS: Demographics Lifestyles Educational Levels Social Mobility Attitudes Consumerism TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Levels and focuses of government and industrial RD expenditure Speed of technology transfer Product Life Cycle Joint Ventures Technological Shift The (change)costs of technology Table 1.1 PEST frameworks for the environment auditing (Source: Wilson, R. M. and Gilligan, C.2003) Environment:- Green environment is very important factor when it come services industry or hotel industry. There has been so many changes happened in the last few years. In the recent time service recovery highly depend on the environment policy to provide customer satisfactions. In addition, consumer looking for environment free service to protect the environment and services recovery also use it as a tool to reduce service failure and create brand value in the market. Concept of STP After focusing on the environmental analysis, now we will discuss market related segmentations, Targets and Position of the industry. These are very important tools of the services recovery process to identified best strategies to come up with the failure. The following figure shows the eight stages of STP process. 1. Identify the current position, capabilities, objectives and constraints.. Situation Analysis 2. Identify the segmentation of variables and segment of the markets for their services 3. Develop profiles of each segment according to requirement Market Segmentation 4. Evaluate the potential and attractiveness of each segment and try to minimize the services failure. 5. Select the target segment(s). Market Targeting 6. Identify the positioning concept within each target segment in terms of customer satisfaction. 7. Select and develop the appropriate positioning concepts to achieved 100% services level. Product Positioning 8. Develop the marketing mix strategy for service recovery in the industry. The Marketing Mix Table 1.2 The eight stages of the segmentation, targeting and positioning process (Source: Wilson, R. M. and Gilligan, C. 1998) Marketing Mix Strategies:- Marketing mix is a very important tool of marketing and it is very helpful in the decision making process. Once we evaluate the industry services level and market scenario e.g. internal and external issue and segment the target market for a particular product, industry will think about their strategies to achieve the target and for that management need to design strategic plan to get enter the into the market by using marketing mix tool e.g. price place product and promotion to recover from the failure in services. 2.1 Elements of marketing mix There is still a debate about the how many elements involve in marketing mix. Mainly management focuses on four elements price, product, place and promotion. Service industry is also considering people, process and physical evidence because it is very important for them. Generally people know the 4-Ps of marketing. Which are acts as a guideline for a management to implement their marketing strategies for the company or the industry. According to Kotler et al. (1999) the mix is a set of controllable tactical marketing tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. 2.1.1 The 4-Ps of marketing mix The traditionally marketing mix contain of 4 major elements. But we will discuss 7-Ps of marketing Product: Product has to be categorized one is physical food that means tangible and other is intangible for illustration Automobile industry has car as a physical product which they can sell in the market and Hotel industry like Lemiridien they have service as a product which is intangible. Price: -This is more critical and difficult element of marketing mix and management has to put lots of efforts to finalize the product price especially in services industry. For every industry it will vary time to time and circumstances. The price of the product is made on the basis of three factors as shown in the figure below: Figure 1 Factors influencing pricing decisions by the managers (Source: Liao, M. 2005) Promotion: In the current scenario promotional activity is very important to increase the market share and make awareness about changes in the services. It shows the visible face of the industry and its products in front of customer. It creates awareness about the product in the consumer mind. These are the ways which are used by the industry to communicate with the target customer in present time. Advertising (TV, News Paper, Radio, Internet) Personal Selling Sponsorship Publicity Exhibitions Sales Promotion Point of Sales Place: This element plays major role when we discuss about services recovery in hotel industry. How effective they are connected with consumer and offer them their best deal in the market. People: Employees are the key assets of the organization and all business depends on the people. How well they are playing their role in the organization. Especially when we will discuss about the services industry. Service industry always tries to take feedback from the consumer about their employees services and give them training and motivation to improve their interpersonal skill to minimize services failure in the industry. Process: Process means proper system to do the things in plan way. Follow the roles and instruction and procedure by which the service is acquired. For illustration computer function means for any operation which is perform by computer goes through pre-define process and then result will be displayed on the screen. Every process has some steps. Physical evidence: It is shown that the physical appearance of the industry is to deliver their services to the consumer like hotel building, public hospitals and school colleges. These all are contain similar types of logo or design to specified company existence. Its very important for the services industry. Evaluate the influence of 7Ps in context of service recovery in hotel industry. After having an overview of marketing mix including environment analysis, now we have to discuss all contents in terms of service industry market strategy for service recovery. Product: In the service industry product are intangible and industry had made too many changes to recover from the service failure. Now industry has different range of product in the market to offer best quality of service and minimize the service failure in the industry. Industry introduces different range of service in their product to satisfied customer demand. Now days hotel have some entertainment zone for the relaxation of the customer. Price: After service failure in the hotel industry .Pricing is very important factor in service recovery process. Customer satisfaction highly depends on the price of the services and facility. Hotel industry has different price range to cover all segments with different range in service quality. It has all basic prices and customer has paid more to get additional features in the current service level. Company has to meet the competitors price and also offer some extra benefit to satisfied consumer like free food and transports etc. price is mostly depend on the what service they are offering for the customers and now hotel have different pricing strategies to attract more customers. Place: Place is very important aspect in terms of the service recovery for hotel industry as we discussed earlier image of the destination. Where we are operating and what services we are offering for the client. Some time industry didnt understand what they have to offer for the customers for their satisfaction. Now industry analyses shows its very important for the service industry to identify the locations and its service requirement in that destinations. Promotion: Its most important factor for in services recovery of hotel industry. Promotions offer and schemes play wider role to recover from the service failure earlier consumer dont know about the services of the hotel where customer going to stay. In the recent time, consumer become more active and aware about the services just because of the promotional activates and they knows what service they will receive. Now days industry has very strong promotional system in the world. With the help of this system industry easily transfer all information about destinations and their services with the different range of price. Customer know about new event, campaigning and promotional schemes. All results have an integrated marketing approach so that every employee of the industry could deliver the same image and services of the industry to achieve customer satisfaction with the service. In addition, some company has its call centres and informational centres to guide the customer about pro duct and its proper use. Most of the promotional budgets are spend in communicating towards advertising the product through Television, radio, press and internet. Hotel industry uses E-marketing tools to promote their new and existing service product in the market and try to improve their position in front of consumer and also have e-store facility, by which the customers could book the rooms and other service. People: People are most important part of services industry. Services industry highly depends on the people. Because there is no physical product and what ever they are charging its totally based on what services level they are offering for their customer. Earlier most of the services failure comes from here and most of the dissatisfaction in the industry based on the people behaviour on job. Now industries have better option to hire highly skills employees. so they know how to satisfied customer and how to meet their requirement. Process:- Process of hotel industry has been totally changed in the recent years. Now industry become more professional and qualifies. They know what customer wants and how to deliver it to achieved 100% customer satisfaction. Industry has standard process to fulfil the customer demand and minimize services failure with in the industry. Physical Evidence: Physical evidence is very important for any industry but its quite difficult to understand in the hotel industry. Because of there is no tangible product so industry not able to show what will the offer for the customer .But in the recent time hotel can show their services for the customers what they will offer and what facility they have for the customers . Evaluate effective marketing strategies for services recovery in hotel industry. Product Strategies:-The hotel industry has variety of right mix product for every market segment with best feature and services. Now days hotel industry has very focused segmentation e.g. lower to upper range product and services according to that. They have target audience and positioning strategies. Industry has flexible product so if a customer wants to add some services in existing facility then they can add on few package in that. Such kind of strategies easily satisfied the customer requirement. Promotional strategies:- Hotel industry profit more depend on the promotions strategies as compare to earlier time and its very important tool of recovery and generate maximum profit from the market. Internet play wider role in to promote hotel industry through out the world customer can book the room in advance and they have all information about the locations and services which will they get in the hotel .Internet easily transform information to customers. Hotel industry is spending million of dollars to increase the market value with the help of promotional scheme. All hotels provide all the details about their product and services on their company official website and also highlights the best feature about the product. Process: Hotel industry is one of the best industries in the world. Service recovery in the process also has been changed a lot. In the recent years industry become more professional and structured. They follow its own process to meet customer demand and satisfied them with services. Conclusion: In this article, we are tried to find service recovery in hotel industry on the basis of marketing mix. Where they are change their strategies to achieve customer satisfaction and come up with the failure which happened earlier in the market. The article use marketing mix approach to identify the market scenario and fault in the market in terms of services and where they made changes to recover from the failure. This model intended to expand the impact of 7Ps on the services recovery from the service provider. Putting the article into the practice its shows service provider made so many changes to recover from loses in the industry in terms of marketing afford and strategies. After analysis of marketing mix model in hotel industry its clearly show that industry had too many changes to become more profitable industry. Now it has more flexible service product in the market and trying to become more flexible as per the customer demand. Industry also effectively using technology to achie ved their target and objective. However service industry dont have physical product which they can show to the customer so they have to more effective and fast service offer for the customer to take positive feedback from the customers. In addition, industry also takes responsibility to build a strong image of the destination so that it attracts other customer to visit there. Hotel services in very important to maintain the positive image of the destination. 7 Ps of marketing is very effective to evaluate the service of the hotel industry. Where promotions activities is more important factor to improve the service level and differentiate between earlier and existing service in the industry. Hotel industry introduces some other new service to improve customer satisfaction. Therefore, in this article we discuss about the changes in service level people role in the system and how well they are involve to improve the service of the hotel industry in order to customer satisfaction and increase the profit margin. .

Mr :: essays research papers

Legal Studies Assessment Law to punish miscarriage assaults ASSAULTS on pregnant women leading to the deaths of their unborn children will be punishable by up to 25 years in prison under new New South Wales laws. NSW Attorney-General Bob Debus said the Government would amend the definition of grievous bodily harm under the Crimes Act to include the loss of an unborn child. Mr Debus said the amendment would not interfere with existing abortion laws. He said the amendment was being introduced after the cases of Renee Shields who lost her unborn baby boy Byron in a road rage incident in 2001 and Kylie Flick who lost her unborn child after she was assaulted in 2002. "The amendment is specifically aimed at criminal attacks upon women, enabling the courts to give due recognition to the pain and trauma experienced by women like Renee Shields and Kylie Flick who lost their babies following senseless and brutal attacks," Mr Debus said. This particular article is about a new amendment that has been introduced that if an offender assaults a pregnant woman and causes a miscarriage then the offender will receive up to 25 years. I think this is a good idea, it causes women a lot of stress and emotional damage if they lose a child unborn or born, if a criminal is the cause of a baby’s death then the effect will be compensation of the woman by dealing the maximum punishment. This article concerns administrative law as it is a law introduced to help the rights of citizens. Unprovoked Man jailed for shooting girl February 24, 2005 A FATHER of two has been jailed for at least five years for the unprovoked shooting of a teenage girl. Riannon Pierce required emergency surgery after she was shot in the abdomen by Robin Paul Murdoch at her home at Macclesfield, south-east of Adelaide, during the early hours of January 1, 2003. The South Australian District Court heard Murdoch, 29, of Mount Barker, smiled as he fired the revolver and threatened: "If you tell anyone about this I'm going to shoot you. I'm going to kill you". He had met Riannon, now 17, just moments before the shooting. Halfway through his court trial, Murdoch pleaded guilty to carrying a loaded firearm in a public place and two charges of discharging a firearm with intent to annoy or frighten. He was further convicted by a jury of one charge of shooting with intent to do grievous bodily harm.

A Spirit in the Mix: an Analysis of “I Used to Live Here Once”

13 September 2009 A Spirit in the Mix: An Analysis of â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† For the story, â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† by Jean Rhys, we could argue that the story is about a woman who moved away from her homeland to go to a new place and now returns home for a reason not stated. The two children who are playing outside the woman’s old house in the sunshine ignore her. It may be possible that the two children ignore the woman because she left the West Indies to live somewhere else and therefore they believe that she does not exist. Is this what is going on? I believe there is a bigger picture here. The speaker tells us in paragraph three that â€Å"that the sky had a glassy look†¦. † This may be because the woman visitor does not see with her own eyes any more, or it could be that she does see with her own eyes and can see the true nature of the sky. The speaker tells us in paragraph five that the woman sees two children outside her home playing. The woman calls to them but â€Å"they didn’t answer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  her. In the next two paragraphs, the speaker tells us that the woman calls out to the children two more times but still they did not reply. We can assume that the children ignore the woman because the children do not know her, or because the woman left her home and has not returned until now. In paragraph eight, the storyteller tells us that the woman is near the two children and they get a sudden chill. This changes the argument that the woman was ignored because she left her home. The woman is ignored not because she left the West Indies, but rather because she does not exist. The woman existed at one point or another, but now she is not at the home that she used to live in physically, meaning she is a spirit, a ghost. She is supernatural. The woman traveler is visiting the West Indies and her home for the last time. She has unfinished duties to perform before she moves on to her next destination. She visits the home because she will depart from there never to return. It may be that visiting her home was her unfinished task. I believe that the woman is a spirit because of the following evidence. The first evidence is, â€Å"The only thing was that the sky had a glassy look that she didn’t remember,† implying that she no longer sees it with physical eyes. The second evidence is, â€Å"There were two children under the mango tree, a boy and a little girl, and she waved to them and called ’Hello’ but they didn’t answer her or turn their heads,† as if they are not able to hear her. The last evidence is the detail that the children have a sudden chill. The boy says, â€Å"Hasn’t it gone cold all of a sudden. † In all the books that I have read dealing with the supernatural, it is common for people get a sudden chill when a spirit is in the mix. All of this evidence points to the fact that the woman is a supernatural being.

Social Networking Websites Usage Towards Academic Performance Education Essay

This chapter covers about the literature reappraisal on the Social Networking Sites ( SNS ) use towards academic public presentation. The resources used in this chapter such as books and articles are from e-book available in the Internet and Perpustakaan Tun Abdul Razak ( PTAR ) aggregations. The aggregations used are primary and secondary beginnings which were obtained from the interviews, printed and on-line version of books and articles. The articles used are available in PTAR library databases such as Science Direct, Emerald Management Extra, H.W. Wilson, ProQuest and others. The diary rubrics that were referred to are Computers in Human Behavior, Computers & A ; Education, Computers and Composition and many more. The keywords used during the seeking procedure such as Social Networking Sites ( SNS ) , Facebook, Computer and Internet usage, SNS and pupil public presentation. This chapter will cover five subdivisions which are computing machine and Internet usage, societal networki ng usage, SNS and academic public presentation, factors of utilizing SNS and besides utility of SNS towards pupil public presentation.2.1 Academic public presentationIn educational establishments, pupils normally being analyses and measure based on their public presentation in their academic. It refers to how pupils deal with their surveies and how they cope with or carry through different undertakings given to them by their instructors. Besides that, academic public presentation besides can be analysed in term of the ability of the pupils to analyze and retrieve facts and the ability to pass on their cognition verbally or in written signifier. Azizi Hj. Yahaya ( 2004 ) stated that there are four factors that influence pupils ‘ academic public presentation which are functions of instructors or schools, equals, parents and the pupils themselves. He stated that the functions of pupils covered the facets of the nature of the acquisition procedure, the ends of the acquisition procedure, building of cognition, strategic thought and eventually on believing about thought. He so explained that the successful pupil should be an active, purposive, self-acting, and presume personal duty for lending to their ain acquisition. It can be concluded that the academic public presentation was reflects by the factors that influence the results of successful pupils during their learning procedure. However, the pupils themselves should find their ends and take their egos so that they can accomplish successful consequences in their academic public presentation. Kirschner and Karpinski ( 2010 ) revealed that it is hard to mensurate the academic public presentation particularly in term of specifying the academic public presentation itself. There are many ways to mensurate the academic public presentation either utilizing the GPA or the class such as A, B, C, D, and F ) . Other than that, the research worker should associate the academic public presentation with the sum of clip spent analyzing such as day-to-day, hebdomadal or monthly. Based on Karpinski ( 2009 ) , academic public presentation is conceptualized otherwise between schools, provinces and states. Therefore, he stated that there is no accurate definition on the manner to mensurate academic public presentation.2.2 Computer and Internet usageIn the Information Age, Information Technology ( IT ) and Internet accomplishments are going progressively of import, and those without these accomplishments are at a disadvantage economically and educationally. Schumacher and Morahan-Martin ( 20 01 ) in their research found that the pupils had more exposure to computing machines than to the Internet. The survey found that males were more experient and reported higher accomplishment degrees with the Internet than females, with the exclusion of electronic mail. The pupils used electronic mail in order to hold expeditiously exchange digital information with schoolmates. Almost one tierce of the first-grade pupils do non hold their ain e-mail reference at place yet. The research besides identified that more than half of the first-grade pupils report that they use their computing machines at least one time a hebdomad to look for information on the Internet while one tierce of them used electronic mail or confab from place about every twenty-four hours. The findings besides shows that a one-fourth of the pupils used the computing machine for this intent every hebdomad and more than half use the computing machine every twenty-four hours for games or music. A research done by Tsai and Tsai ( 2010 ) found that there is no important gender difference in pupils ‘ entire Internet Self-Efficacy Scale ( ISES ) scores. However, a important difference was found in the communicative Internet Self-Efficacy ( ISE ) scores between genders while farther subscale. The female pupils had significantly higher tonss than did the male pupils in the communicating subscale. It can be concluded that the misss held significantly more assurance than the male childs sing Internet communicating. The survey besides shows that Internet usage experience both genders had a average degree of Internet utilizing experience in norm. Therefore, there is no important gender difference found in pupils ‘ Internet utilizing experience. However, a important gender difference was found in pupils ‘ hebdomadal clip spent where it identified that boys exhausted important more clip on utilizing the Internet than did the misss every hebdomad. The survey besides found that there was a different intent of utilizing Internet among the genders where most of the misss used the Internet for seeking, mailing, music hearing, prep and speaking while the male childs largely accessed the Internet for game playing, seeking and music hearing. This consequence suggested that male childs and misss might hold different involvements or motives in using the Internet. McCarthy ( 2000 ) stated in his article that in the early 2000s, schools at all degrees in many states began to fix all pupils ‘ for Internet literacy and to advance Internet-based acquisition for life-long acquisition. The consequence from Tsai and Lin ‘s ( 2004 ) research done in Taiwan showed that the misss had significantly higher Internet self-efficacy than the male childs while high school male pupils still had better Internet attitudes in some facets. Harmonizing to Hille ( 2009 ) , the article mentioned that adolescent pupils may immersed in online gambling, chew the fating or other on-line amusement, and even go addicted if there is no effectual direction and supervising from their parents and instructors. The pupils may besides expose to pornographic and violent contents deluging the Internet. Wainer et Al. ( 2008 ) found that from seven societal economic categories, it shows that there is a lessening in test public presentation among the younger and the poorer pupils and their computing machine usage is higher than other. Other than that, it besides identified that there is a important lessening in the classs of those who use computing machines more often when compared with those who ne'er use computing machines for assignments. While the poorest socioeconomic category shows that there is a 15 % decrease in trial tonss. The research done by Yang and Tung ( 2008 ) showed that 236 topics from a sum of 1708 were identified as nuts utilizing the eight-item Internet dependence utilizing Internet dependence Diagnostic Questionnaire ( DQ ) developed by Young ( 1996b ) to separate nuts from non-addicts. The findings showed that there are important different degrees of influence of the Internet between the Internet nuts and non-addicts in five facets of life other than peer dealingss. The Internet nuts believed that the Internet negatively influenced their school acquisition, day-to-day modus operandis, wellness, and parental dealingss every bit good as instructor dealingss while the Internet positively influenced all six facets of the lives of non-addicts. In old surveies, high school pupils displayed debatable effects of Internet dependance, for case, jumping repasts, losing slumber and survey clip, increasing fiscal costs for online activity, and rearranging day-to-day modus operandis or even neglecting s urveies to pass more clip online ( Brenner, 1996 ; Egger & A ; Rauterberg, 1996 ; Young, 1996b ) as cited in Yang and Tung ( 2008 ) . Based on Young ‘s survey ( 1998 ) cited in Yang and Tung ( 2008 ) , it was found that Internet dependants bit by bit reduced the clip spent with household and friends while increasing clip in forepart of their computing machines. This phenomenon may use for some Chinese Internet users, but the information in this survey demonstrated a negative influence on parents but no break of equal relationships for either nuts or non-addict. The findings of this survey confirmed those of Kandell ( 1998 ) , Lin and Tsai ( 2002 ) and Chou and Hsiao ( 2000 ) as quoted in Yang and Tung ( 2008 ) , that both the nut and non-addict groups saw the Internet as positively act uponing their relationships with friends and classmates. Statistical consequences pointed that Internet addicts spent about 21.2 hours per hebdomad on the Internet, while non-addicts spent around 12.1 hours per hebdomad. This survey assumes that most college pupils, populating off from parental monitoring and with fewer categories than high school pupils, have extended freedom to research hazardous activities that might take to Internet dependence. This survey finds a degree of reported Internet use among high school Internet nuts that is comparable to that for addicted college pupils. Ucak ‘s ( 2007 ) survey revealed that most of the pupils of the Department of Information Management in Hacettepe University, Ankara uses the Internet every twenty-four hours. Based on the consequences, the bulk entree the Internet from their section ‘s computing machines followed by accessing from their place. However, the rate of entree from Internet coffeehouse and the library is low. The consequences show that a huge intents of utilizing the Internet such as for their classs, prep assignments followed by utilizing the Internet for personal involvement and for electronic mails. Some of them used the Internet to listen for music, games, and amusement option while chat comes in the last topographic point.TinThe experiences and sentiments of the societal web influence preventive determinations in this population of immature, minority adult females. The societal web, including friends, household members, and media beginnings, is a cardinal beginning of prophylactic information for many adult females. Comprehensive contraceptive method guidance should research the experiences and sentiments of the patient ‘s societal web to the extent possible. Lynn Yee, M.D. , M.P.H.a, and Melissa Simon, M.D. , M.P.H ( 2009 ) Consequences indicated that pupils use Facebook about 30 min throughout the twenty-four hours as portion of their day-to-day modus operandi. Students communicated on Facebook utilizing a one-to-many manner, in which they were the Godheads circulating content to their friends. Even so, they spent more clip detecting content on Facebook than really posting content. Facebook was used most frequently for societal interaction, chiefly with friends with whom the pupils had a pre-established relationship offline. In add-on to authoritative individuality markers of emerging maturity, such as faith, political political orientation, and work, immature grownups besides used media penchants to show their individuality. Deductions of societal networking site usage for the development of individuality and peer relationships are discussed.Tiffany A. Pempek, Yevdokiya A. Yermolayeva, Sandra L. Calvert ( 2008 ) An person ‘s success in society depends on the form and size of his/her societal web and ability to web and signifier connexions with other societal groups. Administrations which can harness this unconditioned human ability to pull off cognition will be able to take down minutess costs and go more profitable. Anria Sophia new wave Zyl ( 2008 ) Arrested development analyses conducted on consequences from a study of undergraduate pupils ( N = 286 ) suggest a strong association between usage of Facebook and the three types of societal capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging societal capital. In add-on, Facebook use was found to interact with steps of psychological wellbeing, proposing that it might supply greater benefits for users sing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction. Nicole B. Ellison Charles Steinfield Cliff Lampe ( 2007 )2.3 SNS usage and academic public presentationHarmonizing to Boyd & A ; Ellison ( 2008 ) , Social-networking sites ( afterlife SNS ) are the latest on-line communicating tool that allows users to make a public or private profile to interact with people in their webs. They so defined SNS as web-based services that allow persons to build a public or semi-public profile within a delimited system, joint a list of other users with whom they portion a connexion and position and track their list of connexions and those made by others within the system There are few surveies that had been done in findings the important of SNS with academic public presentation. Kirschner and Karpinski ( 2010 ) had conducted a research on the Facebook ( FB ) and academic public presentation. FB is a portion of the illustrations of SNS that was late being used by many people including the pupils. Barratt, Hendrickson, Stephens and Torres ( 2005 ) stated that the increased of FB ‘s popularity has raises inquiries about its impact on college pupil life. The FB was foremost introduced by Mark Zuckerberg in 2005 to assist residential college and university pupils identify pupils in other abode halls. The use of FB than has been expanded to persons outside the college and university system. It has been identified that the use of FB covers all group of age with largely the age between 25 to 34 year-olds ( Lipsman, 2007 ) . However, even though there was an addition growing in older age groups, FB remains chiefly a college- age and emerging grownup phe nomenon. From the statistics collected by the FB administrative that showed in the web site, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.facebook.com/press/info.php? statistics, it recorded that there are 500 million of active users registered and half of them log in any given twenty-four hours while 55 million updates post each twenty-four hours with more than 8 billion proceedingss spent on the website worldwide each. The statistic besides identified that more than 2.5 billion exposures uploaded each month, more than 14 million pictures uploaded each month, more than 30 billion pieces of content, for case web links, intelligence narratives, web log stations, notes, exposures shared each hebdomad, more than 3.5 million events created each month, and more than 45 million active user groups bing. It can be concluded that Facebook is a popular time-consuming activity that doubtless has some impact on college pupil life. Based on survey done by Espinosa, Laffey, Whittaker, and Sheng ( 2006 ) , they investigated the function of engineering in early childhood development utilizing informations from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. From the findings, it indicated that entree contributed to the larning potency of the pupils, but the research workers concerned that parents should promote the educational usage of engineering to better academic accomplishment. Apart from that, harmonizing to Lei and Zhao ( 2005 ) , it was explored that the particulars of entree, admiting that measure is non every bit of import as quality when it comes to engineering usage and pupil accomplishment. Specifically, when the quality of engineering usage is non closely monitored or ensured, computing machine usage may make more injury than good to student accomplishment in school. Hunley et Al. ( 2005 ) identified that there is no relationship found between clip spent on the computing machine at place and GPA in a sample of striplings. Technology was found to hold a positive impact on academic accomplishment, or engineering with educational value. However, Kubey, Lavin and Barrows ( 2001 ) , mentioned that other research workers have found that recreational Internet usage is strongly correlated with impaired academic public presentation. The consequences showed that about 10-15 % of survey participants reported experiencing non being in complete control of their Internet usage, and that it has hurt their school assignment. Furthermore, they besides identified that pupils who reported Internet caused school assignment jobs were found to hold spent five times more hours online than those who did non, and they were besides significantly more likely to describe that their Internet usage caused them to remain up tardily, acquire less slumber, and miss categories. The research workers conclude that it is non so much the Internet that causes these jobs as the new societal chances of the Internet. Students who reported academic jobs were more likely to utilize the Internet for real-time societal activities such as IM and confab suites which lead to them to kip tardily at dark. Karpinski and Duberstein ( 2009 ) on their exploratory study survey identified that there is a negative relationship between FB usage and academic accomplishment as measured by self-reported GPA and hours spent analyzing per hebdomad. Hargittai ( 2009 ) stated that there is no grounds found to turn out the relationship of Facebook use with low academic public presentation. Banquil et Al. ( 2009 ) in their research found that societal networking sites do non bespeak negative effects on a pupil ‘s public presentation in school.2.4 Factors of utilizing the societal networking sites among the pupilsYang and Tung ( 2008 ) stated the Internet nuts normally used the web sit es and SNS because of lower self-pride than non-addicts. They are more confident to pass on or socialise through the Internet instead than face to confront with people. Yap ( 2008 ) identified that, the chief factor of utilizing the SNS is because the users need non pay any fees due to the free rank. Furthermore, it is easy to utilize the SNS whereby the users merely need to subscribe up by make fulling the signifier and active the nexus sent via their electronic mail. The pupils and users besides can post advertizements at that place in order to other members of an event that they are hosting. It is besides an chance for them to do new friends, use them every twenty-four hours to chew the fat, play games and connect with friends, household and aliens.2.5 Utility of the societal networking sites towards pupil public presentationThe SNS map as a communicating tools utilizing the engineering connexion between people from different locations, for case the bing of Facebook is to assist residential college and university pupils identify pupils in other abode halls which besides function as an on-line directory that connects people through societal webs at colleges and universities before it is mostly used worldwide. Harmonizing to Pineda ( 2010 ) , the pupils and SNS users used it to maintain in touch by keeping a profile on these sites, their loved 1s, friends and distant relations which they do non hold to name the users every clip merely to remain in touch with one another. Besides that, the pupils can take advantage to post their sketch and certificates to the companies that advertise vacancy in the SNS. Dalsgaard ( n.d. ) discussed how the societal networking may be utilized within university instruction by pupils sharing information and resources that are originally developed for themselves but made available to others such as utilizing bookmarks, mentions, links, and notes. He stated that societal networking sites are non the new Learning Management Systems. He mentioned that the SNs can be used as a treatment forums and other tools for direct communicating and coaction focal point on direct sharing, societal networking can back up pupils ‘ indirect sharing of resources, ideas, thoughts, productions, Hagiographas, notes and others. It will supply the pupils with an increased consciousness and consciousness of the activities of other pupils. Brady, Holcomb and Smith ( 2010 ) identified that education-based SNSs can be used most efficaciously in distance instruction classs as a technological tool to better on-line communications among pupils in higher distance instruction classs. Harmonizing to Barab and Duffy ( 2000 ) and DeSchryver, Mishra, Koehler and Francis ( 2009 ) , they found that distance instruction classs are frequently more successful when they develop communities of pattern while Anderson ( 2005 ) subsequently added that it is besides encourage high degrees of on-line societal presence among pupils. Brady, Holcomb and Smith ( 2010 ) stated that since the SNS facilitate the sharing of information, the engineerings used in SNSs assistance treatment and make familiarity among on-line pupils, as they have their ability to link and construct community in a socially and educationally constructed web. Besides, the article besides stated that SNS created specifically for an educational audience provides a alone chance for pedagogues to ease a strong sense of community among pupils and promote personal interactions that can take to the creative activity of new cognition and corporate intelligence. Smith ( 2009 ) as cited in Brady, Holcomb and Smith ( 2010 ) stated that, class direction systems ( CMS ) such as Blackboard and Moodle, tend to be much focused and lack the personal touch and networking capacity that SNSs offer. For case, teachers utilizing CMS may make a inquiry in an on-line treatment board and each pupil posts a response. However, these pupil stations are truly non interactions at all, but simply inquiry and reply Sessionss. Using an Tin that is user centered compared to CMS, it has the possible to increase pupil battle. SNSs can actively promote on-line community edifice, widening larning beyond the boundaries of the schoolroom. Bai ( 2003 ) , indicated that societal presence leads to cut down feelings of solitariness and emotionlessness while at the same time encouraging pupil interaction and engagement in online classs.2.6 Conceptual ModelEase of usageStudent public presentation SNS use Utility Moderating Variable Dependent Variable Independent VariablesFigure 1: Conceptual ModelFigure 1 shows the relationship on the consequence of utilizing the societal networking sites ( SNS ) towards pupils ‘ public presentation. This conceptual model is developed by the research worker herself based on the literature reappraisal done and gathered from old surveies. The figure shows that there are two factors that lead to the use of the SNS which are the easiness of usage of the SNS itself and the usefulness the SNS bring to the SNS users. The first factor which is easiness of usage refers to several elements such as in them of the clip response of the SNS, the simple regulations and ordinance apply and may be because of the attractive and simple design of the SNS itself. While, the utility can be defined as the benefits or advantages the users obtain in utilizing the SNS. In this survey it focuses more in the utility of SNS in the pupils ‘ public presentation. Besides that, it shows the relationship between the use of the SNS with the pupils ‘ public presentation. The survey wants to place and find whether there is any important relationship on the use of the SNS in the pupils ‘ public presentation.2.7 DecisionThis literature reappraisal provides the brief thoughts and information sing the issues on whether there is any relationship between the uses of the SNS towards pupils ‘ public presentation. It provides findings done by the old research workers on the similar subject and all the supports has been included and further revision in this chapter 2. The following chapter will discourse on the methodological analysis that will be used in the survey. The elaborate information sing the methodological analysis will be farther discussed in the Chapter 3.

Bonds vs. Bounds

Bonds vs. Bounds Bonds vs. Bounds Bonds vs. Bounds By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between a bond and a bound, and the relationships of the verb and adjective forms? Both words have to do with constraints, but the multiple meanings aren’t necessarily related. A bond is something that binds literally, as with chains, or figuratively, as an agreement or a financial obligation and the word is etymologically related to bind as well as band. The last word is from Old Norse and is related to the Scandinavian word bindan, which means â€Å"to bind.† Borrowed into English, that word developed into two terms: band, meaning â€Å"something that binds,† and bande, meaning â€Å"a flat strip.† With the loss of the appendage e, the four-letter word now represents both meanings. The latter sense of band is the origin of the use of the word in â€Å"rubber band† as well as the reference to a musical ensemble (from the military origin of the band, whose members, as soldiers, would wear insignia, originally in the form of strips of cloth, in common) and, by extension, any group that travels together or associates. However, the second syllable of husband, which means â€Å"dweller,† is etymologically unrelated to band. (The first element, as you may have guessed, means â€Å"house.†) Nevertheless, it became associated with bond because although the Old English word bonda means â€Å"householder,† in the feudal era, the connotation was of a serf or a tenant farmer, hence the idea of restraint. A bound is a limit, and the verb form means â€Å"to form the boundary of,† but from the sense of bind, it also means â€Å"fastened† or â€Å"compelled.† The adjective bound means â€Å"confined† (â€Å"I’m bound to my desk for the next eight hours†) or â€Å"obligated† (â€Å"I’m bound to honor my agreement†), as well as â€Å"sure† (â€Å"It’s bound to get better†) or â€Å"determined† (â€Å"She is bound to get her way†). Note, however, that this last sense can seem ambiguous: â€Å"She is bound to get her way† could be construed as referring to certainty, not resolve. The same word seen in such constructions as â€Å"I’m bound for Europe† and in the compound homebound is unrelated; that word comes from a sense of â€Å"to prepare,† another meaning for the word that formed the second part of husband. The bound used, for example, in the sentence â€Å"They watched him bound from group to group† or forming the root of rebound is from a third source, a French word meaning â€Å"leap† or â€Å"echo.† The noun and verb bend, by the way, is related to band and bind, as well as to the German word bund, meaning â€Å"league.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:15 Types of Documents9 Forms of the Past Tense

Sonny & Bebop essays

Sonny & Bebop essays Sonnys Blues is a short story by James Baldwin. Its about a boys growth to adulthood in a Harlem ghetto. His name is Sonny. He is sentenced to a government institution do to his selling and using of heroin. Sonny moved in with his brother, who he has not seen in 5 years. Sonnys brother, the narrator of the story, is 8 years older than Sonny is. He is married and teaches algebra in New York City. Sonnys brother wants to stay away from Harlem and its people. The symbolic significance of Sonnys name is that the character of Sonny represents bebop in both its positive and negative aspects. The meaning of Sonnys Blues is not the transcendence of the human condition through art, but is instead about sadness and joy. Bebop was first introduced in the early nineteen hundreds. It became very controversial at a time when jazz was gaining respectability. While jazz encouraged people to dance and have a good time, bebop told them to do something totally different. The bebop style is full of emotions that were often dark, sad, and brooding. Very rarely did bebop make someone feel happiness and joy. Sonny, like many bebop figures of his time, used heroin to suppress his emotions. Maybe thats why he is such a good representation of bebop. He used drugs to comfort himself, and turned to heroin when he needed a fix. Drugs and heroin played a major roll in Sonnys life. They got him incarcerated and virtually ruined his life. He needed a place to lean, a clear space to listen, and he couldnt find it, he did terrible things to himself (Literature and Society 99). Many of bebops central figures like Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, and many others important bebop innovators suffered from addictions to drugs; heroin was the most common drug in the jazz word. In fact, bebop and heroin were virtually synonymous (Short Story for Students 250). ...

The Difference Between Hard and Soft Water

The Difference Between Hard and Soft Water Youve heard the terms hard water and soft water, but do you know what they mean? Is one type of water somehow better than the other? What type of water do you have? This article looks at the definitions of these terms and how they relate to water in everyday life. Hard Water vs Soft Water Hard water is any water containing an appreciable quantity of dissolved minerals. Soft water is treated water in which the only cation (positively charged ion) is sodium. The minerals in water give it a characteristic taste. Some natural mineral waters are highly sought for their flavor and the health benefits they may confer. Soft water, on the other hand, may taste salty and may not be suitable for drinking. If soft water tastes bad, then why might you use a water softener? The answer is that extremely hard water may shorten the life of plumbing and lessen the effectiveness of certain cleaning agents. When hard water is heated, the carbonates precipitate out of solution, forming scales in pipes and tea kettles. In addition to narrowing and potentially clogging the pipes, scales prevent efficient heat transfer, so a water heater with scales will have to use a lot of energy to give you hot water. Soap is less effective in hard water because it reacts to form the calcium or magnesium salt of the organic acid of the soap. These salts are insoluble and form grayish soap scum, but no cleansing lather. Detergents, on the other hand, lather in both hard and soft water. Calcium and magnesium salts of the detergents organic acids form, but these salts are soluble in water. How to Soften Water Hard water can be softened (have its minerals removed) by treating it with lime or by passing it over an ion exchange resin. The ion exchange resins are complex sodium salts. Water flows over the resin surface, dissolving the sodium. The calcium, magnesium and other cations precipitate onto the resin surface. Sodium goes into the water, but the other cations stay with the resin. Very hard water will end up tasting saltier than water that had fewer dissolved minerals. Most of the ions have been removed in soft water, but sodium and various anions (negatively charged ions) still remain. Water can be deionized by using a resin that replaces cations with hydrogen and anions with hydroxide. With this type of resin, the cations stick to the resin and the hydrogen and hydroxide that are released combine to form pure water.

Microsoft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microsoft - Essay Example Microsoft name is a combination of the word â€Å"Microcomputer Software†. It is founded in Albuquerque, New Mexico on April 4, 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. They used to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. The company is on the Fortune 500 list of companies as of 2005 (Wikipedia, 2006). Secure wireless networking: When wireless networking started several years ago, it was called as Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP). The WEP was not providing the privacy equivalent of a wired network. WEP is easy to crack. WPA or WiFi Protected Access was created in 2003 to overcome the privacy issues of WEP. In 2004, the third generation of wireless networking encryption, known as WPA2 came along. 64-bit, multiple-core computing: The 32-bit microprocessors are replaced by the 64-bit microprocessors in 2005 and these microprocessors can handle twice the data than the earlier version of 32-bit microprocessors. In addition, they can handle particularly more memory. That will be important for businesses with huge databases. The new 64-bit chips also can handle 32-bit programs natively. That means 32-bit programs will continue to run. Most likely, all of the programs today are 32-bit. Microsoft Windows Vista: Microsoft plans to introduce Windows Vista by the end of 2006. Vista will offer improvements on XP in a number of areas. High-speed Internet connections have become more common today. Web services: Recently, Bill Gates announced that Microsoft plans to put Office and other applications online. When Microsoft acts, the technology has arrived. Look for more Web services from Microsoft in 2006 (Komando, 2006). Microsoft commands a larger share of the desktop PC software market than any other company in the world. Its Operating System Windows is installed on more than 93% of desktops worldwide. Macintosh and Linux are considered as the two closest OS

Culture and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Culture and development - Essay Example The convention for the protection and promotion of cultural expression diversity established one of the best foundations that acknowledge the importance of cultural expressions. It sought to promote cultural expressions diversity and provide distinctive nature of cultural activities.2 I find this essential in promoting principles of equitable access, sustainable development, and balance. I also think that the convention established the grounds for harmonious coexistence of all people regardless of color or race since it respects the existence of differences in cultural activities. The article on Millennium Development Goals, MDG, is correct, with regard to my assessment, on most of the arguments put forward. For instance, mental health has been ignored when setting up health related goals.3 According to my view, the claim that mental health controls the overall person’s performance is correct since the brain controls a person’s activities. For the millennium goals to be achieved, mental health must be in the agenda although it is challenging due to the ambitiousness of the MDGs. On a personal view, the MDG might take very long to accomplish or fail entirely due to the failure of similar previous attempts. The UN declaration of indigenous people’s rights, in my viewpoint, is out of order in some clauses. This implies that some of its clauses are too assumptive. For instance, the idea that respecting the culture and knowledge of indigenous people leads to sustainable development is a weak assumption.4 This is because when individuals mix, they pass information and ideas that are used in innovating and developing the society. Although, the indigenous ideas could be effective in this quest, new ideas are better. Additionally, the declaration over-emphasizes on the rights of indigenous people implying that the non-indigenous people may not be respected. However, other areas are correct such as the idea that all

Health Education Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Education - Case Study Example This paper approves that not consume a large amount of unhealthy foods but there are always exceptions. One has a rather active life and does not participate in formal exercise; however, do try not to remain stationary. Most of the people that we associate with are very much the same. One believe that it is about balance, as simple as that: it is not just about strict exercise routines and calorie counting charts, it is about moderation. There is such a thing as too much of a good thing; diet, exercise, and good health cannot be the only focus in one’s life. I do not think I know anyone that personifies heath, whose characteristics or behaviors This essay makes a conclusion that being healthier than you are today is hardly a bad thing. The goal of good health. Wanting to improve and lengthen the quality of the life that you have is important and is relevant. Most of us could, probably, afford to eat a little healthier and be active a bit more often. Exercise has its place. As stated before, it is about balance and moderation. It is the only way to meet all the accepted requirements of good health. It must be reflected in all aspects of your being, internally, externally, emotionally, mentally, and socially. This will not just make you healthier, but a more well-rounded person within your own life. The World Health Organization coined the definition that, â€Å"health is a state of complete being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.† Meaning that not being sick and free of disease does not necessarily guarantee the presence of good health. This definition encompasses all the aspects of what it means to be healthy, it is more than physical. Given that definition it becomes much easier to approach the analysis of the three women presented in the case study provided. The three women are completely different in how they perceive being healthy. Peggy is a constant exerciser. She talks about little else and has few friends. Kathy, also, regularly exercises, as well as, being an athlete. However, she talks little about it and makes friends more easily than Peggy. Lastly, is Mary, who makes no real extra effort, aside from daily walks, to be healthier. At first glance it would be easy to identify Kathy, the athletic, but likeable, girl as the healthiest, Peggy as an avid exerciser would fall in the middle, and this leaves Mary as the least healthy. Based solely on the inclusion of exercise as a representation of health then the former might be a fair assessment. However, that is not necessarily accurate. I have decided to put these women in a different order. The most healthy could easily be Mary, with Kathy in the middle, and, lastly, Peggy as the least healthy. It may be surprising to see these women in this order, but there is science that can support it. Exercise alone is not an indicator of health on its own, in fact, there is such a thing as too much exercise. There is even the potential to become addicted to exercise. They will become all consumed with the need to exercise. The act of exercising could become compulsory; completely out of their control.(Costin) They will abandon opportunities for social interactions, with friends and family, to participate in more exercise activities. This is the potential issue with Peggy, given the d escription in the case study. Her â€Å"one-track-minded† fixation is negatively impacting her life on a social level, potentially on a mental level; this is not necessarily a healthy state of mind. If the definition of total health includes ones mental state and social levels, and Peggy is clearly lacking in those two areas; then it would be impossible for her to be the healthiest. Without knowing more about her personal life and her attitudes on a regular basis concerning her exercise it would be difficult to know her actual state of health and make an accurate judgment. Kathy, who seems to be more sociable and likeable, has no real indications of obsessions with the athletic part of her life. However, athletes often stress their bodies too much when they train, without realizing or intending to. They, also, do not, always, allow their bodies a proper rest time in between training sessions. That said, it would be possible for her not be as

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research Paper Example William Faulkner wrote during the twentieth century and mostly chronicled the mentalities of the American South and the ways in which they had changed following the abolition of slavery as a social institution. The collective mentality of the South forms the story of much of Faulkner’s works. There is thus, a dark tone that he employs throughout his work. There is also an examination of the individual psyche being a symbol of the collective in Faulkner’s works. Faulkner also looks at the absurd elements of daily life and how they may after a point of time, due to habit, not appear absurd to a society anymore. This dark tone arises from the analyses of the human psyche that Poe attempts to effect in his work. In Poe’s world, it is the absurd that appears normal, thus destabilizing the world of the reader and presenting him with no clues as to what to expect after a certain point of time. Through an analysis of different aspects of the story, this paper shall argue that the society and its larger forces form the party of the victimizers rather than the characters Montresor and Emily. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† presents the story of two men, Montresor and Fortunato, who are interlocked in a struggle of petty power, even though Fortunato is unaware of the same. Having been insulted at a certain point of time by Fortunato, Montresor seeks to take revenge upon him through murdering him. With this in mind, he leads him through an underground hallway at the end of which he promises a rare cask of Amontillado. When they reach the end, Montresor chains Fortunato, leaving him to die there and the reader is made aware of the world’s ignorance at the end of the story. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† talks of a family of the American South which has died leaving just one member alive- Emily. She is very introverted and prefers to stay alone in the house without even paying her taxes and as a result of this, the town is surprised when she starts an affair with a man named Homer Barron. He is thought to leave her and life continues for Emily with the support of nobody but an African American servant. Her death however, reveals the decomposed body of Homer and makes the town aware of the entire history of the woman that they thought of as a symbol of stability amidst the great changes that were happening in their society. The narrative styles of the two stories are not completely similar and this has a lot to do with the fact that the change in the person of the narrative. The figure of the narrator in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† has been a subject of great critical debate since the publication of this story (Nebeker 3). The narrator changes roles quite frequently throughout the story. He or she masquerades as an all-knowing omniscient third-person figure for a large part of the story. Later, however, the readers are made to know that the narrator does not possess the knowledge that conventional third person narrat ors possess. This can be seen from the end of the narrative where the existence of the decomposed body of Homer is a new knowledge for the narrator as well. Thus, the narrator too morphs into a native of the town that the story is set in. this has implications for the kind of writing styles that are adopted by the two writers. While Faulkner writes stories that have long sentences, Poe writes using both long and short sentences. The long sentences are used while describing Fortunato

Storm Drainage Design Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Storm Drainage Design Project - Essay Example The height of rainfall and the river discharge in terms of the river level were shown on the vertical axis using two different scales. Height of rainfall is plotted in terms of millimetres, while river level (river height) is plotted in terms of 1 x 10-1 meter. For example, the river height observed at 00:00:00 of October 12 is 0.283 meters, but in plotting the hydrograph, 0.283 was multiplied 10 and plotted as 2.83, instead. This scheme was utilised for aesthetic purposes in the desired hydrograph. Data were, however, analyzed using the original value and unit of the river level per hour of observation. As illustrated in Figure 4, river started to rise in the river at 11:00:00 hours on October 13 when rainfall reached its first peak at 1.20 mm. Interestingly, the second rain peak (also at 1.20 mm.) occurred after 10 hours at 21:00:00 of the same day (October 13). It may be observed from the hydrograph that as the second peak of the rainfall approached, river flow also reached a mini-peak. From hereon, the rising limb of the river flow was very clearly defined. From the first peak of rainfall, the basin lag time was calculated to be 22 hours. This means that it took 22 hours after the first peak of rainfall for the river flow to reach its peak. From the second peak of rainfall, the basin lag time was 12 hours. The average discharge for the rising limb (Q1) of the river flow is calculated as follows: The duration for the peak flow to return back to base flow is 46 hours. Several factors which affect the characteristics of storm or rainfall hydrographs have been described from existing literature. Each of these factors were analysed with respect to the River Cynon hydrograph. The catchment area of 160 sq. km. (Environment Agency – Wales, 2005) is considerably large, which should explain the long lag time of 22 hours before the river flow reached its peak. A large catchment area also tends to receive more precipitation, and subsequently

The Cherokee People Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Cherokee People - Research Paper Example Although a great deal of emphasis has been placed upon the interaction between Europeans and Native Americans, the reality of the fact is that rather than approaching this issue from the split standpoint of understanding that two separate entities existed at each and every juncture, a far more effective means of interpretation has to do with the melding of culture and the means through which unique dynamics in the Cherokee experience came to be evidenced as a result of the process of acculturation. Firstly, it must be understood that the geographic representation of the Cherokee people was mainly concentric within the now modern states of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Tennessee. As a function of this level of geographic representation, the Cherokee people have oftentimes been referred to as those who lived in the mountains by contemporary Indian tribes. Interestingly, whereas many other Native American tribes were defined as nomadic, the Cherokee people could be define d as â€Å"semi-nomadic† (Emerald, 2012, p. 44). This is due primarily to the fact that individual branches of the tribe tended to inhabit specific regions, and cultivate crops. These crops included but were not limited to squash, beans, sunflowers, and different types of corn. So great was the emphasis upon agriculture that the Cherokee put forward that the introduction of a specific hybrid of corn was developed as a result of their agricultural endeavors. To specific theories exist with regards to the ultimate origin of the Cherokee tribe. Due to the fact that the Cherokees native-language was determined by linguists and anthropologists as uniquely Iroquoian, the most prominent theory suggests that the Cherokee tribe migrated from the Great Lakes region approximately 500 to 700 years prior to first contact with the Europeans (Chambers, 2013, p. 26). The ultimate purpose for this migration is little known; however, myths and legends exist with regards to the fact that other Iroquois nations banished this particular group of individuals from the Great Lakes regions. The subsequent removal and forced exodus led this tribe to inhabit a region that few other native peoples wanted; namely the Appalachian mountain range. A secondary theory that exists with regards the origin of the Cherokee people posits the belief that this particular tribe of Native Americans was an offshoot of the mound building Native Americans that inhabited parts of Mississippi. However, further ethnological and anthropological work, as well as a great deal of archaeological analysis has revealed the fact that this particular theory does not have a high level of evidence to support it. Moreover, the secondary theory promotes an understanding that the Cherokee people had been living within the region of the southeastern states for a period of over 1000 years; a fact that no direct archaeological evidence that is thus far been uncovered and/or analyzed denotes (Blackburn, 2013, p. 16). T he first contact with Europeans was with an expedition led by Hernando De Soto. As such, like so many of the contacts initially made with Europeans, relations were friendly and ultimately somewhat profitable to both sides (Greg & Wishart, 2012, p. 11). The Native Americans received traded goods in exchange for raw material, guidance, and

Storm Drainage Design Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Storm Drainage Design Project - Essay Example The height of rainfall and the river discharge in terms of the river level were shown on the vertical axis using two different scales. Height of rainfall is plotted in terms of millimetres, while river level (river height) is plotted in terms of 1 x 10-1 meter. For example, the river height observed at 00:00:00 of October 12 is 0.283 meters, but in plotting the hydrograph, 0.283 was multiplied 10 and plotted as 2.83, instead. This scheme was utilised for aesthetic purposes in the desired hydrograph. Data were, however, analyzed using the original value and unit of the river level per hour of observation. As illustrated in Figure 4, river started to rise in the river at 11:00:00 hours on October 13 when rainfall reached its first peak at 1.20 mm. Interestingly, the second rain peak (also at 1.20 mm.) occurred after 10 hours at 21:00:00 of the same day (October 13). It may be observed from the hydrograph that as the second peak of the rainfall approached, river flow also reached a mini-peak. From hereon, the rising limb of the river flow was very clearly defined. From the first peak of rainfall, the basin lag time was calculated to be 22 hours. This means that it took 22 hours after the first peak of rainfall for the river flow to reach its peak. From the second peak of rainfall, the basin lag time was 12 hours. The average discharge for the rising limb (Q1) of the river flow is calculated as follows: The duration for the peak flow to return back to base flow is 46 hours. Several factors which affect the characteristics of storm or rainfall hydrographs have been described from existing literature. Each of these factors were analysed with respect to the River Cynon hydrograph. The catchment area of 160 sq. km. (Environment Agency – Wales, 2005) is considerably large, which should explain the long lag time of 22 hours before the river flow reached its peak. A large catchment area also tends to receive more precipitation, and subsequently

The Environmental Aspect of Pocahontas Essay Example for Free

The Environmental Aspect of Pocahontas Essay â€Å" Humankind has not woven the web of life. We are but one thread within it. Whatever we do to the web, we do to ourselves. All things are bound together. All things connect. † This is a quote said by a Native American chief, shows the attitudes of the Native American people as a whole and Pocahontas’ Mattaponi tribe. Disney’s highly acclaimed movie, Pocahontas, is about a female Indians battle to be with an Englishman named John Smith; even against her tribes culture and traditions. Throughout this story, we find that there are huge gaps in the way that the Englishmen and the Native Americans treat and view nature; through their culture and religion, the ways they acted towards earth, and the songs that they sang in the movie. One can tell a lot about a person or people by the culture they come from, ranging from: the way they dress, the way they talk etc. In Pocahontas, that could not be truer; we first have the Native Americans. Their culture was solely based on nature and nature alone. They believe they are one with the earth, that earth is their mother; everyone should respect it because we do not own it, but rather that we are borrowing it. Native Americans look to the spirits and the forces of Nature to guide them through life and help make important decisions and sort out dilemmas they will encounter in life. For example, Grandmother Willow, who in fact is not really a human but an actual willow tree who has the face and wisdom that one would find in their grandmother; as she also is Pocahontas’ guiding force and wisdom provider. Now on the other hand we have the Englishmen’s culture: their culture was very self-centered based due to their religion of Catholicism/Christianity; which to them are human-centered religions. Basically saying that their world view of their religion makes them think that everything in this world was created for them and that they can do what ever they choose to do with it, regardless of how it is come about acquiring what they want. Another difference between the two groups is their distinguished appearance. The Englishmen for example are pompous and actually very fat, showing how they gorge themselves into the luxuries of food and self-centered living. As for the Native Americans, only take what they need and no more, as they look healthy and strong. These examples give a glimpse of their true attitudes towards the earth, and Mother Nature. The attitudes of both the Englishman and the Native Americans towards Mother Earth are very obvious and different in this film as from their culture. â€Å"The gold of Cortez, the jewels of Pizarro / Will seem like mere trinkets by this time tomorrow. The gold we find here will dwarf them by far. / Oh, with all you got in ya, boys / Dig up Virginia, boys. † This quote was said by Governor Ratcliffe, the leader of the Englishmen, showing the English’s self-centered, egotistical way of thinking when it comes to the earth. They do not care for nature or the creatures, even the other people of the world; the world and everything in it, is solely theirs for the taking and no one person, people or thing can stop them. However, the Native Americans attitude towards the earth and in general is more humble and nurturing. Since their belief system is that they are one with the earth; in order to take care of ones self they must take of the earth. So this caring way of living in turn makes them a humble people. One can also tell how the attitudes of the two groups through the songs that they sing throughout the movie. â€Å"And dig, boys, dig ‘til ya drop. Grab a pick, boys. Quick, boys, shove in a shovel†¦It’s gold and it’s mine, mine, mine†¦Make this land, My Land,† this is one of the lyrics sang by Governor Ratcliffe in the song called, â€Å"Mine, Mine, Mine. The name of the song in itself shows the Englishmen’s view of earth, which is very greedy and narcissistic of him and his men. Another quote from the song showing this selfish way of thinking was at the end of the song where all the Englishmen sing in unison, â€Å"This land and what’s in it is Mine! † They only view the land as theirs and not the Native Americans even though the Native Americans were the native people! On top of that they refer to the Native Americans as savages, â€Å"What can you expect, from filthy little heathens? Their whole disgusting race is like a curse. Their skin’s a hellish red. They’re only good when dead. They’re vermin, as I said. And worse, they’re Savages! Savages! † Even though this one lyric does not have to do with nature directly they are disrespecting the people of mother nature completely, degrading not only their land with their actions, but the people of the land with their words and hatred. â€Å"Drive them from our shore. They’re not like you and me. Which means they must be evil. † The Englishmen in this song show the lust of power to kill anyone and anything who isn’t ike them only to get gold and riches. Now on the other hand, the songs that Pocahontas sings are not so harsh and self indulged. â€Å"You think you own whatever land you land on. The Earth is just a dead thing you can claim. But I know every rock and tree and creature; has a life, has a spirit, has a name,† she sings to John Smith explaining, that the earth is more than just something to dig up and take from. The Earth and everything in it, like her and Smith, have the same qualities that the humans do. She also sings in that song , â€Å"Come run the hidden pine trails of the forest. Come taste the sun sweet berries of the earth. Come roll in all the riches all around you. And for once, never wonder what they’re worth,† she tells Smith to bask in the earth and all its resources without thinking about how much money or the worth it could be sold at. Also another aspect of that lyric is when she says riches, she is not referring to money but rather the richness of beauty and quality the Earth gives us. Another song that reflects the Native American culture to nature is, Just Around the River Bend. † This is a song where Pocahontas compares life to the river and asks the Spirits a question regarding whether she should marry Kocoum or not. â€Å"Should I choose the smoothest course, steady as the beating drum? Should I marry Kocoum? Is all my dreaming at an end? Or do you still wait for me, Dream Giver; Just around the River Bend? † Pocahontas does not know whether she should take the path chosen for her or to continue on the path of her free spirit. She asks the Dream Giver is she should the safe path and do as her customs say or is the Spirit waiting for her just around the river bend. These are just a few examples of the many through the music in this movie. One can now see how both the Englishmen and Native Americans way of thinking environmentally are polar opposites. Through their culture, attitudes, actions and musical numbers, we view the sanctity of Mother Earth to both the groups. But this movie did show that the humbler the attitude towards the earth did in fact become the victors in the situation.

The Strategies Of The Nestle Marketing Practices

The Strategies Of The Nestle Marketing Practices The main aim of this assessment is much focused on the critiques and the strategies of the Nestle marketing practices in Africa in the past. The marketing strategies pursued by Nestle in markets in the developing Global Market are also analysed. The discussion towards the ethical concerns raised by these Marketing strategies. The Incorporative Study of the international ban and the evidence on compliance based on Nestle is been performed on a wide range of research with the influence of the reports available from various sources. The analysis of Consumer boycott towards Nestle products  and its impact over the past with relevance to the Africa incident. The study will also greatly focus towards the Nestle boycott- Nestle practices over the free samples to hospitals and kids in poor countries like Africa, we will also emphasize and analyse their critiques due to these practices. Objectives The main ailment of this assessment are been nailed towards the strategy study of the Consumer Boycott Nestle over the incident of Africa. The Global business strategy and the criticism of Nestle are been greatly focused through which we are able to analyse on a wider perspective for descripting the clear picture of various crisis. The progression of the research there by will be further discussed in order to provide a robust recommendation which may yield the marketing strategy aid the strength and prevent the ruin of various problems in the marketing practices on a general perspective. The conclusion will there by effectively hold a hand for providing the better influence of the better marketing strategy based on Nestle on a general perspective. Focus of Study The focus of this study are been greatly emphasized on the learning strategies towards the marketing practices of Nestle and also their implementation of new products in the underdeveloped and the developed country thus leading to the global strategy. The progression of the research there by will be further discussed in order to provide a robust recommendation which may yield the marketing strategy aid the strength and prevent the ruin of various problems in the marketing practices The study will emphasize the better marketing practices. the project guidelines, you will still be expected to demonstrate  knowledge and understanding of a wide range of economic and analytical skills that apply to the study of international business, and more specifically in your case, of theoretical marketing issues as they have been deployed in the Nestle Boycott case study. Brief Introduction and History of Nestle The Nestle has been established and founded in Switzerland around 1866 by Heinrich Nestle the base of the business was identity of the Milk food products. The major concentration of the business where been nailed towards the infants further they look forward and established their business in the developing countries. The Nestle has started their marketing practices in the Africa since late 1980s and Nestle have improved their marketing strategy and the promotion in to their practices of day to day life where they have tend to widen their opportunities in improvising their marketing strategy throughout the Africa. The Nestle concentration is completely been focused towards the Food products. The Nestle food manufacturing products include coffee and other dairy products. The Nestle established nearly 27 factories in and around Africa more over the 11500 employees have been engaged for the manufacturing unit, Nestle also included 50000 suppliers in to their integration of supply chain u nits. The food quality and the social improvements are the two main core principles of the Nestle in emphasizing their business and the marketing practices. The Promotion activity is the act which has experienced them in the Africa in making a improvement in the Baby milk powder over the Africa. The social frame work and the manufacturing of high quality products have been frame worked in Nestle principles. The developments are been much sustainable in Nestles case where the initiatives of their business practices have been expanded over the regions of Europe as well. The major initiatives of the Nestle have been implemented over the developed countries for better integration and the development of the business. The Nestle established the Milk districts wherever they have established their business ensuring their quality also concerning their Global strategy and the development of the business (Boycott Nestle, 2010). Examination of the marketing strategies pursued by Nestle in markets in the developing Global Market The Global strategy of the Nestle has been despite unsuccessful The Nestle had major failures in the Africa due to their promotional products of Nestle towards the Infants. The Nestle had faced major challenges in the 1990s due to major products which they launched and in efficient marketing strategies. The environment of the western nations has been increased with in a challenge around the Africa due to the large scale manufacturing on a supplier chain discounts and the promotional offers. The price valuation has been applied drastically on the several products of Nestle in making their successful products around the Europe and other developed markets. The competition exist around the African region for several products and in the regions of Europe this has really influenced the Nestle to compete the competitors in a high level so they have decided to op for the promotional strategy towards the infants products in Africa. [Source: Boycott Nestle and other action to protect infant health, (2010) [online] (cited 5th December 2010) Available from ] The Nestle has always focused on the Developing and the underdeveloped countries recently they have targeted the China and the India for making their business since the previous estimated population for the China on 2010 is 700 million and also targeting on the incoming levels they have been several opportunity to create in the large markets. The Nestle has Worldwide for several key brands The overall brands of the company has been reached over 8500 in that only few has been registered to business in those countries. The Nestle has established their network with the warehouses and they have wide spread the opportunity for more good supply with the developing markets. The marketing practices and the strategies of Nestle always faces the challenge in the African regions especially recently they have faced a major challenge in the Nigeria due to the polluted water and also on top of it they have the challenging hygienic conditions for their environment (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2008). The research and the development operation have been specialized with in the Nestle over the years since they have been specialized and concentrating more on commercializing their food stuffs and innovation has been touched everywhere in their marketing practices and in terms of their food products as well. The SBUs have been concerned with the managers and the region in terms of perceiving their long term development with respect to the projects and technology (Cowe and Roger, 1999). Brief Analysis and Discussion towards the ethical concerns raised by these Marketing strategies Nestle boycott- Nestle has made several practices in issuing the free samples to hospitals and the infants in the poor countries like Africa and the other regions of Africa ,The real intention of the issuing with the free samples is to promote their products based on which they want the customers to get habituated with the products so that they will have a good business over the regions with the infants and other products. In some cases the people have been influenced and often forced to consume the products. In some cases they have been sold the products out of compulsion for the infants. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The Nestle has done these promotional practices of infant products often nestle milk powder this was been the key measure for the Nestle in leading to further disaster.The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing th e further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market though Nestle should have considered themselves to make the effective ease of marketing practices for the better improvement of their business with the infant products.The failure in instructing the people with the sanitation methods for preparing the bottles was also being a major reason in death of many infants and leading to the criticism. There are several people who are unaware with the exact method of the steps in preparing the milk using the Milk product from nestle as the failure in providing the preparation procedures were not given in the regional languages. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The progression of the research there by will be further discussed in order to provide a robust recommendation which may yield the marketing strategy. The thorough critique of Nestlà ©s marketing strategy for baby milk powder in the developing world.  This marketing strategy of nestle indeed faced many criticisms and ethical concerns as a serious concern and the regular addressing of these issues in Africa and other regions the Nestle has been prolonged with a Ban on the infant products and other major goods supply. The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing the further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market, based on Nestle- boycott (Rapoport, 1994).    Incorporative Study of the international ban and the evidence on compliance based on Nestle The major evidence of compliance has been addressed in Africa due to the marketing practices of the milk powder issued in the Africa. The Africa being a underdeveloped and known for its poverty, Nestle have concentrated on the Infant milk products where they have addressed the parents having less breastfeeding habits more over they have not having sufficient nutrition for their infants hence they have promoted the milk products which will give the nutrition for the infants based on regular usage. The people are not aware about the ratio on which they need to mix the infant milk products although hey have promoted the products on behalf of Nestle they have failed to instruct the people as they have been known as the illiterates un aware of the usage towards the milk products though they have been instruction available in English. The actual scenario of the Nestle Milk powder is that needed to be mixed in water the worst case of the Africa is that they fail to have the availability of pure water rather they have the contaminated water all around including the ground water. This is very common that the poor countries often have the failures in the clean water supply and also availability of the non-adulterated food (Sillivan, 1998). The milk product from the Nestle has been feeded to the infants has been practiced with the contaminated water although the milk also become contaminated further been consumed by the infants where they have been severely affected with many incurable diseases and often leading to death etc. The children who has consumed it has been leaded towards the serious diseases. This marketing strategy of nestle indeed faced many criticisms and ethical concerns as a serious concern and the regular addressing of these issues in Africa and other regions the Nestle has been prolonged with a Ban on the infant products and other major goods supply. The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing the further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market The failure in instructing the people with the sanitation methods for preparing the bottles was also being a major reason in death of many infants and leading to the criticism. The many mothers are also un-aware with the exact method of the steps in preparing the milk using the Milk product from nestle as the failure in providing the preparation procedures were not given in the regional languages. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The Nestle has done these promotional practices of infant products only with the hospital for a free basis. Once they have decided to leave the hospital the issuing of milk powder were been stopped to provide free whereas on the other hand the supplements has been already started working with the children the family continues to buy the formula again this has been a reason for heavy Un ethical practices of nestle or even termed to be the un ethical strategy of nestle. The IBFAN accused nestle for offering the sponsorships and gifts to the health workers for promoting the nestle milk powder (Monroe, 1999). Analysis of Consumer boycott towards Nestle products  and its impact After the incident of the Nestle Boycott Incident in the Africa based on the Milk powder they have finally met their protestors since they have decided to modify their business practices in four main perspectives. The restriction were included with the distribution of the free samples. The Nestle labels were been identified and being the benefit of the breastfeeding and later they have been the emphasized for the bottle feeding. The promises of the hospitals and relevance towards their product and code were aided with the codes of world health organization (WHO). The infant formulaes were been agreed to promote in the markets based on the professionals with proper training and related to the terms of policy in the specified environment. the Infant milk products where they have addressed the parents having less breastfeeding habits more over they have not having sufficient nutrition for their infants hence they have promoted the milk products which will give the nutrition for the infa nts based on regular usage. The people are not aware about the ratio on which they need to mix the infant milk products although they have promoted the products on behalf of Nestle they have failed to instruct the people as they have been known as the illiterates un aware of the usage towards the milk products though they have been instruction available in English. The actual scenario of the Nestle Milk powder is that needed to be mixed in water the worst case of the Africa is that they fail to have the availability of pure water rather they have the contaminated water all around including the ground water. This is very common that the poor countries often have the failures in the clean water supply and also availability of the non-adulterated food (Kline, 2005). The milk product from the Nestle has been feeded to the infants has been practiced with the contaminated water although the milk also become contaminated further been consumed by the infants where they have been severely affected with many incurable diseases and often leading to death etc. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The Nestle has done these promotional practices of infant products. The children who has consumed it has been leaded towards the serious diseases. This marketing strategy of nestle indeed faced many criticisms and ethical concerns as a serious concern and the regular addressing of these issues in Africa and other regions the Nestle has been prolonged with a Ban on the infant products and other major goods supply. The failure in instructing the people with the sanitation methods for preparing the bottles was also being a major reason in death of many infants and leading to the criticism. The many mothers are also un-aware with the exact method of the steps in preparing the milk using the Milk product from nestle as the failure in providing the preparation procedures were not given in the regional languages (Kline, 2005). The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing the further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market. The Breast feeding is often being known to be the safest way in order to build the strength and aid the infants with the essential nutrients, it is the best way for proving the nutrition where it aids the protection them from bacteria and other infection. This has been an often crucial stage emphasizing their development. The well replacement known method for the replacement with the bottle feeding more over they tend to carry in engaging the greater risks over the contaminated water practiced for the infants towards feeding and risk of avoiding the sterilizing equipment. The breast milk often known as the substitutes and same kind of products which includes fruit juices. The infant cereals being a major promotion with advertisements in order to attract the infants (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2008).   Recommendation The IBFAN has decided to Ban Nestle for their irrelevant marketing strategies this kind of strategies and more authority should be concerned for monitoring the kind of activities ensuring the health and safety. The well trained professions are needed to be trained in an effective manner is much crucial for emphasizing the best of marketing strategies ensuring the safety for the people and also improvising the sales of the products in the market. The Nestle Boycott has often being engaged in the promotion activity with the hospitals, more often the promotion should be based on the peoples interest and also based on their training basis so that many issues can be highly prevented. The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing the further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market. The failure in instructing the people with the sanitation methods for preparing the bottles was also being a major reason in death of many infants and leadin g to the criticism. The Milk product from nestle as the failure in providing the preparation procedures were not given in the regional languages. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The yield of the marketing strategy aid the strength and prevent the ruin of various problems in the marketing practices Alternatively after all the bans they have been more successful understanding the nature of the place and condition. Conclusion In order to conclude as we have discussed the marketing strategies and the business practices of Nestle has been under several issues addressed though they have been initialized with their marketing plans. The marketing practices of Nestle and also their implementation of new products in the underdeveloped and the developed country thus leading to the global strategy. The IBFAN accused nestle for offering the sponsorships and gifts to the health workers for promoting the nestle milk powder this was been the key measure for the Nestle in leading to further disaster.The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing the further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market though Nestle should have considered themselves to make the effective ease of marketing practices for the better improvement of their business with the infant products.The failure in instructing the people with the sanitation methods for preparing the bottles was also being a major reason in death of many infants and leading to the criticism. There are several people who are unaware with the exact method of the steps in preparing the milk using the Milk product from nestle as the failure in providing the preparation procedures were not given in the regional languages. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The progression of the research there by will be further discussed in order to provide a robust recommendation which may yield the marketing strategy aid the strength and prevent the ruin of various problems in the marketing practices Alternatively after all the bans they have been more successful understanding the nature of the place and condition for which they have been adapted in promotion and manufacturing of the products based on the requirements.